{"id":1293,"date":"2023-01-27T12:54:00","date_gmt":"2023-01-27T12:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hosting173115eu-cp5015.wordpresstemporal.com\/lacolecciondepapatest\/ajedrez-e-inteligencia-artificial-iv\/"},"modified":"2023-01-27T12:54:00","modified_gmt":"2023-01-27T12:54:00","slug":"ajedrez-e-inteligencia-artificial-iv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hosting173115eu-cp5015.wordpresstemporal.com\/lacolecciondepapatest\/ajedrez-e-inteligencia-artificial-iv\/","title":{"rendered":"AJEDREZ E INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL (IV)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjzncF1yeXjqZB27bXvUoPYHsLe-t9EJZS_HxqmIy41dBuFwqYRC_CKv0F31oo58UNEpKuhmY6vnHkIPFB2jU-QIWt1PWSbqn4xIbWWS2KwkYrxScl0HBcSAAzSVlQpTQ09L0g4KyGEkipeAtc9gHN4hHTNDM27TMFot9x52UqA1j4FYjr7_nnBXgBf\/s1280\/HASTA%20CHIPTEST%20(3).jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 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Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" SemiHidden=\"true\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" SemiHidden=\"true\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"41\" Name=\"Plain Table 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"42\" Name=\"Plain Table 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"43\" Name=\"Plain Table 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"44\" Name=\"Plain Table 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"45\" Name=\"Plain Table 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"40\" Name=\"Grid Table Light\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"List Table 1 Light\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"List 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Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6\"\/>\n <\/w:LatentStyles>\n<\/xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>\n\n\n<style>\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\";\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\n\tmso-style-priority:99;\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\n\tmso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\n\tmso-para-margin-top:0cm;\n\tmso-para-margin-right:0cm;\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;\n\tmso-para-margin-left:0cm;\n\tline-height:107%;\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n\tfont-size:11.0pt;\n\tfont-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n\tmso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n\tmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n\tmso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n\tmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n\tmso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;\n\tmso-fareast-language:EN-US;}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<![endif]--><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">En el Colegio San Gabriel Quito, regentado por la Compa\u00f1\u00eda de Jes\u00fas, los Jesuitas nos ense\u00f1aron a utilizar la regla de c<span style=\"font-family: arial;\">\u00e1lculo, con tanta profundidad que se daban ex\u00e1menes de f\u00edsica y matem\u00e1ticas con la ayuda de aquella computadora anal\u00f3gica.&nbsp;&nbsp; En 1972 con la aparici\u00f3n de las primeras calculadoras Texas Instrument o HP se la dej\u00f3 de utilizar.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La regla de c\u00e1lculo es un instrumento que sirve para realizar operaciones matem\u00e1ticas como pueden ser multiplicaciones o divisiones, e incluso porcentajes, c\u00e1lculos de proporcionalidad o ra\u00edces cuadradas.&nbsp; Durante 400 a\u00f1os fue el instrumento necesario para ingenieros, muchos de los c\u00e1lculos llevados a cabo durante las misiones Apolo, que llevaron al hombre a la luna, fueron realizados con reglas de c\u00e1lculo. <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/divermates.es\/la-regla-de-calculo\/\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Regla de c\u00e1lculo, un viaje al pasado<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Algunos a\u00f1os antes, en 1964, con 8 a\u00f1os asist\u00ed por primera vez a una transmisi\u00f3n por televisi\u00f3n por la se\u00f1al de HCJB TV \u00abLa Ventana de los Andes\u00bb (primera emisi\u00f3n 1961),  en televisi\u00f3n en blanco y negro en Quito.&nbsp; Mi padre hab\u00eda comprado un televisor y el d\u00eda de su estreno, locutores del Canal HCJB dieron la bienvenida a las transmisiones a <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">mi padre y<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> a la familia del Dr. Sergio Coellar Espinoza,&nbsp; Entiendo que ser\u00edamos entre los primeros usuarios de este medio de comunicaci\u00f3n que&nbsp; se hab\u00eda iniciado tres a\u00f1os antes en Quito, por iniciativa de la misi\u00f3n evang\u00e9lica HCJB (<i>Hoy Cristo Jes\u00fas Bendice<\/i>)<\/span><\/span>&nbsp;<span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00abLa Voz de los Andes\u00bb,  la primera emisora de radio con programaci\u00f3n diaria en el Ecuador y la primera emisora cristiana misionera del mundo, fundada en 1931.&nbsp; En 1970 observ\u00e9 la final del Campeonato Mundial de f\u00fatbol en M\u00e9xico en la primera emisi\u00f3n de la televisi\u00f3n ecuatoriana a color por Canal 8 de Quito, recuerdo el triunfo de Brasil sobre Italia (4-1) y la actuaci\u00f3n del Rey Pel\u00e9, Tostao, Gerson, Jairzinho, Rivelino&#8230;<br \/><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\">\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhkqJF50E2LbuBXIlX0y9HOgF5ofTt5qxov9ptaruHobOPEx3EfJA-G_IqLBvZzPOxpNwxpGbPXNG-68f7nqWltwDYC3t8D1hOykR2tNmWy5joF8_qnJZigoU8BGhELYPg2bYzw78ddnE-xmumIDZYAtyX1pu69WkJrgkYGENQjJ_95ShIzOqxytcfj\/s796\/regla.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"344\" data-original-width=\"796\" height=\"124\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhkqJF50E2LbuBXIlX0y9HOgF5ofTt5qxov9ptaruHobOPEx3EfJA-G_IqLBvZzPOxpNwxpGbPXNG-68f7nqWltwDYC3t8D1hOykR2tNmWy5joF8_qnJZigoU8BGhELYPg2bYzw78ddnE-xmumIDZYAtyX1pu69WkJrgkYGENQjJ_95ShIzOqxytcfj\/w288-h124\/regla.jpg\" width=\"288\" \/><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiHvmpAyp5O8UBcTc7foLzpTnKpHcRTkdE2xFjbzva_7Z-Yu6tOLZ3tQ7z5HeHf_hSIudRzs2fq973Ku1cAmYDtJVDLI_1Uw-ljS22Jkt0SgEfjpxCm8xfF42jcf8bL4T2c003wSAIl1QFt57bxTKRN9eHoSv5vxpK1OQY2YPpo6cIA5nIglgH6OHDq\/s248\/hp.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"248\" data-original-width=\"220\" height=\"256\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiHvmpAyp5O8UBcTc7foLzpTnKpHcRTkdE2xFjbzva_7Z-Yu6tOLZ3tQ7z5HeHf_hSIudRzs2fq973Ku1cAmYDtJVDLI_1Uw-ljS22Jkt0SgEfjpxCm8xfF42jcf8bL4T2c003wSAIl1QFt57bxTKRN9eHoSv5vxpK1OQY2YPpo6cIA5nIglgH6OHDq\/w227-h256\/hp.jpg\" width=\"227\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\">Siendo a\u00fan estudiante de Arquitectura, en el a\u00f1o 1979 lleg\u00f3 a mis manos una ordenadora de ajedrez Chess Challenger 7.&nbsp; Era parte de mis herramientas personales en la facultad.&nbsp; Entre clase y clase, en la cafeter\u00eda siempre jug\u00e1bamos con esa maravilla.&nbsp; Lamentablemente en alg\u00fan momento desapareci\u00f3 de mi alcance.&nbsp; He intentado por todos los medios recuperarla sin \u00e9xito.&nbsp; Al escribir la presente entrega siento m\u00e1s nostalgia por aquella maquinita.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgCBgJjmfYGWGBhLuRNsJcuOejbDHw0Q0InWGCVEGIjk109dcqsHN7mj23cg_3WXnl9Zz0xaiqEa3USo644aWbY5RMQ4KUftK0gLwAJ2AUdzX0SMgr27pbZfTAe_-jZLu3VdZ0nelrOTdcRl3Oh_GmgTj27mmiWaMWFxOAgHWldDVlLnP1lwIvtX-Kf\/s400\/Cc7.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"235\" data-original-width=\"400\" height=\"376\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgCBgJjmfYGWGBhLuRNsJcuOejbDHw0Q0InWGCVEGIjk109dcqsHN7mj23cg_3WXnl9Zz0xaiqEa3USo644aWbY5RMQ4KUftK0gLwAJ2AUdzX0SMgr27pbZfTAe_-jZLu3VdZ0nelrOTdcRl3Oh_GmgTj27mmiWaMWFxOAgHWldDVlLnP1lwIvtX-Kf\/w640-h376\/Cc7.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tluif.home.xs4all.nl\/chescom\/EngCc7.html\">https:\/\/tluif.home.xs4all.nl\/chescom\/EngCc7.html<\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\">Una vez graduado como arquitecto (1983), fui invitado al estudio de Francisco \u00abPaco\u00bb Naranjo para trabajar en el mismo.&nbsp; La ubicaci\u00f3n de su estudio estaba, justo frente al Colegio de Ingenieros Civiles del Ecuador, en las calles 9 de octubre y Av. Col\u00f3n, de la capital ecuatoriana.<br \/><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\">En los bajos de ese edificio exist\u00eda un negocio de venta de computadoras.&nbsp; Me llam\u00f3 la atenci\u00f3n un casete con el nombre de Sargon, programa de ajedrez para computadora.<br \/><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEimpp-GGZm-NtHpbB5TpNZjX3gKTERrRlea6jBt5GpiywLZ3f7ZTUxLdOmzQhjJgYTMXiMIwka8h2p8XuR6NvE_iDX7E0Xw8qUmFP8OaVZGNx9RX-SziIA04Laljkn3e26EfLezeIQ01vkp2XKsNAso0N5GnS1SeLfOGYL3-CXCGoo4yGW73R7fMXa8\/s329\/329px-Sargon_I_screenshot.png\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"225\" data-original-width=\"329\" height=\"219\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEimpp-GGZm-NtHpbB5TpNZjX3gKTERrRlea6jBt5GpiywLZ3f7ZTUxLdOmzQhjJgYTMXiMIwka8h2p8XuR6NvE_iDX7E0Xw8qUmFP8OaVZGNx9RX-SziIA04Laljkn3e26EfLezeIQ01vkp2XKsNAso0N5GnS1SeLfOGYL3-CXCGoo4yGW73R7fMXa8\/w320-h219\/329px-Sargon_I_screenshot.png\" width=\"320\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">SARGON I<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a1\u00a1No pod\u00eda dar cr\u00e9dito a lo que mis ojos <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">ve\u00edan <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">!!&nbsp; Me informaron que ese programa se instalaba en una computadora que consist\u00eda en: un teclado Comodore-Sinclair, conectado a una grabadora de casete, que servia como base de datos y un televisor que era el monitor.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Me informaron que adem\u00e1s de jugar ajedrez, que era el motivo principal de mi consulta, se pod\u00eda construir una rutina para elaborar an\u00e1lisis de precios unitarios, tablas de cantidades y precios y especificaciones t\u00e9cnicas de obra. Para elaborar los an\u00e1lisis de precios unitarios deb\u00eda aprender a programarlos en Basic.&nbsp;&nbsp; Maravillado por tal futuro, decid\u00ed adquirir el teclado y el programa de ajedrez Sargon.&nbsp; De la grabadora y del televisor me encargaba yo.&nbsp; En casa de mis padres siempre sobrar\u00edan&nbsp; esos equipos, al menos un monitor de TV en blanco y negro.<br \/><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Durante algunos a\u00f1os, tal vez, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">fui <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">el primer arquitecto que elaboraba an\u00e1lisis de precios unitarios en computadora, presupuestos y especificaciones t\u00e9cnicas de construcci\u00f3n en procesador de palabras, y hojas de c\u00e1lculo electr\u00f3nicas&nbsp; Complementaba mi trabajo con sesiones inolvidables de ajedrez.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEigvlb-qGl7fa_wtaEhRd-cSPqr3jGaFIvFQc1eCeWX2zqosRbhhSLVvtfdobfcmLBD3GulRLTEL1mqfNUTnA6dfwjU5YiBtWyE2rFVSsofUHf9uD9TbfoZQXLPdCXkr8keCE7YPgUjhOdDIYwZ2L28uurKhJh_9xhOGFvRmH4hZ_Em-sr4ye11hNn1\/s685\/1984%201.png\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"685\" data-original-width=\"475\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEigvlb-qGl7fa_wtaEhRd-cSPqr3jGaFIvFQc1eCeWX2zqosRbhhSLVvtfdobfcmLBD3GulRLTEL1mqfNUTnA6dfwjU5YiBtWyE2rFVSsofUHf9uD9TbfoZQXLPdCXkr8keCE7YPgUjhOdDIYwZ2L28uurKhJh_9xhOGFvRmH4hZ_Em-sr4ye11hNn1\/s320\/1984%201.png\" width=\"222\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgSzBWI00dyuyaWtGUWCVng6Ak2JSow59iPM-ZOchlmfbXchJHYpNLWrpHjHfh85WMLJ_Cw-Ws__r5AuJvohI-MVuLGiYa2NEDafqXEqm-q6JaXSnGqlt9LysSplb1fJK56stCYQOGBVJHuZ3_y57XGNNQDEerxvSQm4KjLsUPTP11EoNwU4I3RMHXJ\/s823\/1984%20%202.png\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"587\" data-original-width=\"823\" height=\"456\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgSzBWI00dyuyaWtGUWCVng6Ak2JSow59iPM-ZOchlmfbXchJHYpNLWrpHjHfh85WMLJ_Cw-Ws__r5AuJvohI-MVuLGiYa2NEDafqXEqm-q6JaXSnGqlt9LysSplb1fJK56stCYQOGBVJHuZ3_y57XGNNQDEerxvSQm4KjLsUPTP11EoNwU4I3RMHXJ\/w640-h456\/1984%20%202.png\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span>Una partida seguida por mis amigos y colegas.<br \/> izq. a der.:Jorge Carvajal, Francisco Jij\u00f3n, Hern\u00e1n Burbano, \u00abPaco\u00bb Naranjo y Hugo Chac\u00f3n.<br \/> (Fotograf\u00edas: Santiago Callejas) Abril de 1984.<br \/>En<br \/>\n la fotograf\u00eda no constan: Luc\u00eda V\u00e1sconez, Gilda Puente&nbsp; y<br \/>\n Marco Castro, que con los amigos nombrados anteriormente, fuimos<br \/>\nganadores del <br \/>CONCURSO NACIONAL DE ANTEPROYECTOS DE URBANIZACI\u00d3N Y<br \/>\nVIVIENDA POPULAR\/JNV-FONAPRE-CAE\/1984 y de la IV Bienal de Arquitectura<br \/>\nde Quito.<span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg3A4tKc93rCmuThRVlsT5o8IS1ypzKblh1V-xGq3QTui0NFWHWCuH9AwpruBm84j5A16ud_GaMHfOMZ0KNWo2-Y8uynKAl5ZQnqycyZO4-gkRIL4XQnHfmyntFtTaFLTIfwgRPkEnJ38kvF74fUmYDiMp0uHq7kg_eobObDW5UJh7BP-FVbDBEtoYi\/s1300\/macintosh-original-1984-1300x650.webp\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"650\" data-original-width=\"1300\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEg3A4tKc93rCmuThRVlsT5o8IS1ypzKblh1V-xGq3QTui0NFWHWCuH9AwpruBm84j5A16ud_GaMHfOMZ0KNWo2-Y8uynKAl5ZQnqycyZO4-gkRIL4XQnHfmyntFtTaFLTIfwgRPkEnJ38kvF74fUmYDiMp0uHq7kg_eobObDW5UJh7BP-FVbDBEtoYi\/w640-h320\/macintosh-original-1984-1300x650.webp\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elgrupoinformatico.com\/noticias\/cuando-presento-primer-macintosh-t76494.html\">MACINTOSH<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">En la misma oficina, junto a mis amigos y colegas ganamos un concurso de dise\u00f1o arquitect\u00f3nico, que fue premiado en la IV Bienal de Arquitectura de Quito.&nbsp; Con el premio del concurso se adquiri\u00f3 una Macintosh.&nbsp; La \u00fanica exigencia para comprarla la propuse sin vacilar: obligatoriamente deb\u00eda incluir programas de ajedrez.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEipq8GkclBNnGyhcd5ukmj6Lq_MCLhQItEAwNiJEQCci1DQpakPOYYWMKMwO1cfiY4dqijJ8RqFpkVU55tn0cyi5rBYlvpBof7g7D8kn7X5SRmPDAHtlLVbgyfBxH9avgWRnUNXLU7yg-HvhH8R52jh8F1H21iAMdPg-cuDphXYJZyEbds4Tgu8blK7\/s583\/Mike_Johnson_1_40_x_40.JPG\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"583\" data-original-width=\"565\" height=\"492\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEipq8GkclBNnGyhcd5ukmj6Lq_MCLhQItEAwNiJEQCci1DQpakPOYYWMKMwO1cfiY4dqijJ8RqFpkVU55tn0cyi5rBYlvpBof7g7D8kn7X5SRmPDAHtlLVbgyfBxH9avgWRnUNXLU7yg-HvhH8R52jh8F1H21iAMdPg-cuDphXYJZyEbds4Tgu8blK7\/w478-h492\/Mike_Johnson_1_40_x_40.JPG\" width=\"478\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Kathe Spracklen and Mike Johnson, Mike vs. Sargon 2, ACM 19<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">Chess Computers &#8211; The UK Story from Chess Computer UK by Mike Watters<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEid7FCmiF1Y6YblR2nTBzXXWGTtht_bSyO9DAqwzitdajmj-rBloEfub_V0JRVmUEk92Jyiba83Qgss8kTKAyv5iD0zjw1M41XLO1u3cORqfucy2DI-fyu-GBq2GMyBVjU9ABVZ1kgMoy4Zn173FxzPsPmNhWdUY1RvQWnvbBZmlUzfahsKWo_teYki\/s600\/4.png\" style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"600\" data-original-width=\"404\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEid7FCmiF1Y6YblR2nTBzXXWGTtht_bSyO9DAqwzitdajmj-rBloEfub_V0JRVmUEk92Jyiba83Qgss8kTKAyv5iD0zjw1M41XLO1u3cORqfucy2DI-fyu-GBq2GMyBVjU9ABVZ1kgMoy4Zn173FxzPsPmNhWdUY1RvQWnvbBZmlUzfahsKWo_teYki\/w269-h400\/4.png\" width=\"269\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\">MINI Y MICROCOMPUTADORAS DE AJEDREZ:<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\">&nbsp;UN \u00abBOOM\u00bb MUNDIAL <\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>En diciembre de 1978 iniciaban su asombrosa carrera comercial las computadoras dom\u00e9sticas de ajedrez. Si las primeras m\u00e1quinas que poco m\u00e1s tarde hicieron su aparici\u00f3n en nuestro pa\u00eds costaban cerca de las 40.000 pesetas,* hoy pueden adquirirse en los grandes almacenes de cualquier capital versiones mejoradas por menos de la mitad.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">&nbsp;* Nota de La Colecci\u00f3n de Pap\u00e1: 240 euros <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">aprox.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Como oponentes, presentan s\u00f3lidas ventajas, puesto que nunca se incomodan ni impacientan, y sobre todo saben perder con elegancia.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Hay que valorar tambi\u00e9n la circunstancia de que estas peque\u00f1as computadoras, utilizadas como entrenadores de ajedrez, han suscitado el inter\u00e9s hacia el juego en m\u00e1s de un caso. A veces, lo \u00fanico que nos falta para lanzarnos a jugar es un contrincante que est\u00e9 siempre dispuesto a medirse con nosotros. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> Por supuesto, una m\u00e1quina comprada en unos almacenes por un precio relativamente m\u00f3dico no puede compararse con los programas escritos para grandes computadoras. Sin embargo, los expertos esperan grandes progresos en materia de minicomputadoras para los pr\u00f3ximos a\u00f1os. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> Actualmente se conoce ya una gran variedad de modelos, lo cual puede desorientar un poco al comprador potencial. Por otra parte, en este apartado de la electr\u00f3nica los progresos son tan vertiginosos que una posible gu\u00eda para el comprador perder\u00eda actualidad en muy poco tiempo, raz\u00f3n por la cual en este cap\u00edtulo nos limitaremos a dar un resumen hist\u00f3rico de los modelos comercializados hasta la fecha, seguido de una serie de orientaciones y consejos sobre los criterios que conviene conocer para la elecci\u00f3n de una de estas m\u00e1quinas. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>El coraz\u00f3n de la computadora dom\u00e9stica es un microprocesador, y \u00e9ste, a fin de cuentas, viene a ser lo mismo que la CPU (unidad central de proceso) de una gran computadora, s\u00f3lo que miniaturizada en forma de uno o varios circuitos integrados. Los microprocesadores no tienen la capacidad ni la rapidez de una computadora grande, pero poseen en cambio una gran flexibilidad, motivo por lo cual su aplicaci\u00f3n es cada vez m\u00e1s corriente en los electrodom\u00e9sticos m\u00e1s diversos, como las computadoras personales, los receptores de televisi\u00f3n, las lavadoras, los magnet\u00f3fonos y otros por el estilo. 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UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Outline List 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Outline List 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Simple 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Simple 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Simple 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Classic 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Classic 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Classic 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Classic 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Colorful 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Colorful 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Colorful 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Columns 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Columns 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Columns 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Columns 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Columns 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 7\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Grid 8\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 7\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table List 8\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table 3D effects 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table 3D effects 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table 3D effects 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Contemporary\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Elegant\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Professional\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Subtle 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Subtle 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Web 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Web 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Web 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Balloon Text\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" Name=\"Table Grid\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Table Theme\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" Name=\"Placeholder Text\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"1\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"No Spacing\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" SemiHidden=\"true\" Name=\"Revision\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"34\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"List Paragraph\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"29\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Quote\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"30\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Intense Quote\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"60\" Name=\"Light Shading Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"61\" Name=\"Light List Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"62\" Name=\"Light Grid Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"63\" Name=\"Medium Shading 1 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"64\" Name=\"Medium Shading 2 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"65\" Name=\"Medium List 1 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"66\" Name=\"Medium List 2 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"67\" Name=\"Medium Grid 1 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"68\" Name=\"Medium Grid 2 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"69\" Name=\"Medium Grid 3 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"70\" Name=\"Dark List Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"71\" Name=\"Colorful Shading Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"72\" Name=\"Colorful List Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"73\" Name=\"Colorful Grid Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"19\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Subtle Emphasis\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"21\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Intense Emphasis\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"31\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Subtle Reference\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"32\" QFormat=\"true\"\n   Name=\"Intense Reference\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"33\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"Book Title\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"37\" SemiHidden=\"true\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" Name=\"Bibliography\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"39\" SemiHidden=\"true\"\n   UnhideWhenUsed=\"true\" QFormat=\"true\" Name=\"TOC Heading\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"41\" Name=\"Plain Table 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"42\" Name=\"Plain Table 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"43\" Name=\"Plain Table 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"44\" Name=\"Plain Table 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"45\" Name=\"Plain Table 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"40\" Name=\"Grid Table Light\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"Grid Table 2 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"Grid Table 3 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"Grid Table 4 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\" Name=\"List Table 1 Light\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\" Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\" Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"46\"\n   Name=\"List Table 1 Light Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"47\" Name=\"List Table 2 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"48\" Name=\"List Table 3 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"49\" Name=\"List Table 4 Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"50\" Name=\"List Table 5 Dark Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"51\"\n   Name=\"List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6\"\/>\n  <w:LsdException Locked=\"false\" Priority=\"52\"\n   Name=\"List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6\"\/>\n <\/w:LatentStyles>\n<\/xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>\n\n\n<style>\n \/* Style Definitions *\/\n table.MsoNormalTable\n\t{mso-style-name:\"Tabla normal\";\n\tmso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;\n\tmso-tstyle-colband-size:0;\n\tmso-style-noshow:yes;\n\tmso-style-priority:99;\n\tmso-style-parent:\"\";\n\tmso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;\n\tmso-para-margin-top:0cm;\n\tmso-para-margin-right:0cm;\n\tmso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;\n\tmso-para-margin-left:0cm;\n\tline-height:107%;\n\tmso-pagination:widow-orphan;\n\tfont-size:11.0pt;\n\tfont-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";\n\tmso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;\n\tmso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;\n\tmso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;\n\tmso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;\n\tmso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";\n\tmso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;\n\tmso-fareast-language:EN-US;}\n<\/style>\n\n\n<![endif]--><span face=\"&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;\" style=\"font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;\">\u00ab<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">pastilla\u00bb semiconductora se integran entre 10.000 y 100.000 funciones de transistor en una superficie de 20 mil\u00edmetros cuadrados. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>Una ventaja fundamental de los circuitos integrados, en su forma de microprocesadores, es la posibilidad de programarlos. En muchos casos, las diferentes aplicaciones no requieren circuitos integrados diferentes, sino que basta con cambiar o modificar la programaci\u00f3n. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>En el caso de la minicomputadora de ajedrez, el microprocesador ha sido programado expresamente para el juego; se trata de una aplicaci\u00f3n espec\u00edfica. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>Otro caso es el de las computadoras personales que pueden soportar varios programas, incluso los que sea capaz de idear su propietario. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>Para estas m\u00e1quinas existen en el mercado programas de ajedrez bajo la forma de \u00abcasete\u00bb o de \u00abdiskette\u00bb. Y finalmente hallamos que las consolas de videojuegos incluyen en sus cat\u00e1logos varias versiones de juegos de tablero, que se visualizan a trav\u00e9s del televisor y suelen incluir el ajedrez (generalmente tambi\u00e9n introducido en forma de \u00abcasete\u00bb). <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\u2026 <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>Una empresa rival, la Chafitz Inc., lanz\u00f3 hacia finales de 1 978 la minicomputadora \u00abBoris\u00bb. Esta m\u00e1quina no ten\u00eda niveles programables de juego, sino que el oponente humano seleccionaba un tiempo fijo de respuesta, variable entre 1 segundo y 100 horas; pod\u00eda jugar alternativamente con blancas y con negras, permit\u00eda retirar jugadas \u00aberr\u00f3neas\u00bb a su adversario, pose\u00eda un sistema mejorado para revisar la posici\u00f3n y adem\u00e1s ten\u00eda una profundidad de an\u00e1lisis de hasta 8 movimientos (4 jugadas completas). Pero su caracter\u00edstica m\u00e1s notable eran unos 80 comentarios entre humor\u00edsticos y sarc\u00e1sticos que de vez en cuando intercalaba en la partida, a trav\u00e9s de su pantalla de 8 signos, del tipo de \u00abEste movimiento hubiera sido bueno antes\u00bb, \u00ab \u00bfEs usted otra computadora? \u00bb, o el francamente delicioso \u00abNo me sea usted David Levy\u00bb, <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u2026 <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>Los poseedores de un ordenador personal tipo TRS-80, Commodore, Apple, Texas Instruments, Sinclair, etc\u00e9tera, etc\u00e9tera (la proliferaci\u00f3n de constructores, marcas, modelos y extras opcionales es tremenda y confusionista, con el agravante de que el \u00absoftware\u00bb para cada uno de estos modelos no suele ser compatible, es decir que no funciona con otros) , disponen generalmente de versiones ajedrec\u00edsticas, entre los muchos programas ya preparados que pueden adquirir para sus m\u00e1quinas. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">De todas maneras, conviene tener presente que para poder soportar un programa de fuerza ajedrec\u00edstica suficiente, la memoria central de la computadora debe tener 32 K-bytes como m\u00ednimo. Existen varias versiones de un programa \u00abMicrochess&gt;&gt;, bastante elemental, para TRS-80. David Levy ha preparado un \u00abPetchess\u00bb para los Commodore, y la firma de videojuegos Atari tiene un m\u00f3dulo para sus computadoras personales 400 y 800, desde luego mucho m\u00e1s fuerte que el programa de ajedrez incluido en sus cartuchos de juegos para conectar a la televisi\u00f3n. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Del programa \u00abSarg\u00f3n\u00bb se conocen varias versiones para las computadoras Apple, mientras que \u00abVideochess\u00bb es un programa de Levy para la computadora dom\u00e9stica de Texas Instruments. <\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">En principio, la posesi\u00f3n de una microcomputadora para manejarla personalmente, e incluso para crear programas nuevos con su ayuda, es una afici\u00f3n que presupone bastantes conocimientos t\u00e9cnicos, y de paso la habilidad para orientarse uno mismo en esta mara\u00f1a de modelos, versiones y denominaciones. Dicho conocimiento de las posibilidades de la propia computadora es importante para evitarlas expectativas demasiado optimistas sobre la calidad de juego exigible.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhnoMucgcvR9lYRCAyjTMxarLY2b_Y_go-JDUQFSy3QkzRlQz8YgRs3rdcOi4mHxkRv0wLa0UFU8Qb-DxHksHYzkIFJ6Xbt048IxVcR4AL49vxXnfMVvD0A6KVc6quqe5O2IVqzSfne0Ih1g-7EFDGNqeeTAFnM52LMQzEuG2V1sSKvwpLCzf-GI9Iy\/s360\/1.png\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"235\" data-original-width=\"360\" height=\"262\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhnoMucgcvR9lYRCAyjTMxarLY2b_Y_go-JDUQFSy3QkzRlQz8YgRs3rdcOi4mHxkRv0wLa0UFU8Qb-DxHksHYzkIFJ6Xbt048IxVcR4AL49vxXnfMVvD0A6KVc6quqe5O2IVqzSfne0Ih1g-7EFDGNqeeTAFnM52LMQzEuG2V1sSKvwpLCzf-GI9Iy\/w400-h262\/1.png\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> <br \/><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhZ2-0WY3cShM_ip95ZexUecj1ZNpMe9jF4aM8rwujvZENKnZNI75rlEus6YiK6dbnQ4KWIHFkPtSrsWc8-6ff4oTKP1kmtomvcYrP8H1W5nwQXG4x3-x0kPDeKI12aLn4SDMM_DU55TX3LEnXu0t7N-XV4peXI4UPe9v1GCkWjGUDnB54mOps2INZZ\/s364\/2.png\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"304\" data-original-width=\"364\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhZ2-0WY3cShM_ip95ZexUecj1ZNpMe9jF4aM8rwujvZENKnZNI75rlEus6YiK6dbnQ4KWIHFkPtSrsWc8-6ff4oTKP1kmtomvcYrP8H1W5nwQXG4x3-x0kPDeKI12aLn4SDMM_DU55TX3LEnXu0t7N-XV4peXI4UPe9v1GCkWjGUDnB54mOps2INZZ\/w400-h334\/2.png\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiNb_DMKJYD0WrZO1ai8hrCa8aL8uJ4tMrc48s-OIDFA8uJSSiJTX145gHUSt0iFWTIJT-uZMGAaWuB84SXkuBWP7HqPZBL3-7bNEwsX95Q_OCLaQDed_sDPBsF0hlonplyYMyt8dsWwYy3y8A6UklyzJhtJRCNK7roJaj5raVreK_F_EoP9GOaQNNl\/s380\/3.png\" style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"175\" data-original-width=\"380\" height=\"184\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEiNb_DMKJYD0WrZO1ai8hrCa8aL8uJ4tMrc48s-OIDFA8uJSSiJTX145gHUSt0iFWTIJT-uZMGAaWuB84SXkuBWP7HqPZBL3-7bNEwsX95Q_OCLaQDed_sDPBsF0hlonplyYMyt8dsWwYy3y8A6UklyzJhtJRCNK7roJaj5raVreK_F_EoP9GOaQNNl\/w400-h184\/3.png\" width=\"400\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\">Pachman,L. y K\u00fc<\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\">hnmund. \u00abAjedrez y computadoras\u00bb, Mart\u00ednez Roca Ediciones S.A.- 1982<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjXjS9Oms9MgjXY9pLdJHNIdk_lH-ED0fP6j2RRTNORbMbhUBQatGn4hmyy2deS79CIBPfdVRn0NXqaue051TFZV9aGQydfWvMMsQIgJTAYbPZNu6HJgKGhG7lr38_xofrW8B4eNR6Z1WIspT2X7tiCtsACgeBVtPOr_RWBSm7v2J61MDhPyXDuyvTM\/s520\/CCmk1.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"404\" data-original-width=\"520\" height=\"242\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjXjS9Oms9MgjXY9pLdJHNIdk_lH-ED0fP6j2RRTNORbMbhUBQatGn4hmyy2deS79CIBPfdVRn0NXqaue051TFZV9aGQydfWvMMsQIgJTAYbPZNu6HJgKGhG7lr38_xofrW8B4eNR6Z1WIspT2X7tiCtsACgeBVtPOr_RWBSm7v2J61MDhPyXDuyvTM\/w312-h242\/CCmk1.jpg\" width=\"312\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">CHESS CAHMPION MK I<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><br \/><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi89NI-dd1EG_xVWGHGuoCXDI_nE51ePgMnskMaROTNOKovgQsTPVBFRF72OtRGmjc8fpz6RtXa140C_z7cQX9nmbRoipSuGxWc6kiipRs-HUwdYYVWAigYyx7uPzUcmOtQpXZwjzHJjgovh4HLLgTZjisjvOOc462ETpjz0L9KG_-vwkDmrrwBqu-y\/s380\/380px-Mephisto1.jpg\" style=\"clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"268\" data-original-width=\"380\" height=\"244\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEi89NI-dd1EG_xVWGHGuoCXDI_nE51ePgMnskMaROTNOKovgQsTPVBFRF72OtRGmjc8fpz6RtXa140C_z7cQX9nmbRoipSuGxWc6kiipRs-HUwdYYVWAigYyx7uPzUcmOtQpXZwjzHJjgovh4HLLgTZjisjvOOc462ETpjz0L9KG_-vwkDmrrwBqu-y\/w345-h244\/380px-Mephisto1.jpg\" width=\"345\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">MEPHISTO<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgBVCS4ozw1U9y-_x-O2r49Hg7fl9L2La2FYInkWLQF_G5mVhviYDGQKn0D5i85-y2SMRSuNCWYzY5XVM8nG1mdQ3Qa3pwPjemzPbjXHbeAfi6GCfFXs2ropsWNpTAaRMkeGfxRAHZb-4LynoaOuU32roBnnSKuzaeQCBoE7380vX8bNKbi4DQxTHjq\/s1600\/boris.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"1600\" data-original-width=\"1200\" height=\"330\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgBVCS4ozw1U9y-_x-O2r49Hg7fl9L2La2FYInkWLQF_G5mVhviYDGQKn0D5i85-y2SMRSuNCWYzY5XVM8nG1mdQ3Qa3pwPjemzPbjXHbeAfi6GCfFXs2ropsWNpTAaRMkeGfxRAHZb-4LynoaOuU32roBnnSKuzaeQCBoE7380vX8bNKbi4DQxTHjq\/w248-h330\/boris.jpg\" width=\"248\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">BORIS<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/p>\n<table cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"float: right;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhUAQbElaP6CspRZvVw9azd7nzoLrgOLrlVS7PfzWu-OFcTdrhAApob2AlMmFv4ZZ8wIiQxDUAQkAyV8FPEnxTri7MTjTxa79gTQUXbrSJq6UAi3jq6cyXRRMDz82ryOMVyfotXrf4BPNnllFHpYdNMS2fo8ikIvwqaF2fVMa7S0pyOuh1yp6Cg9bxY\/s500\/chess%20challenger.jpg\" style=\"clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"500\" data-original-width=\"500\" height=\"248\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEhUAQbElaP6CspRZvVw9azd7nzoLrgOLrlVS7PfzWu-OFcTdrhAApob2AlMmFv4ZZ8wIiQxDUAQkAyV8FPEnxTri7MTjTxa79gTQUXbrSJq6UAi3jq6cyXRRMDz82ryOMVyfotXrf4BPNnllFHpYdNMS2fo8ikIvwqaF2fVMa7S0pyOuh1yp6Cg9bxY\/w248-h248\/chess%20challenger.jpg\" width=\"248\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">CHESS CHALLENGER 10<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<h4><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">CAMPEONATO MUNDIAL INFORM\u00c1TICO <\/span><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La competici\u00f3n est\u00e1 abierta a todos los programas de ajedrez, basados \u200b\u200ben microprocesadores, supercomputadoras o equipos dedicados al juego de ajedrez.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">En 2007, Junior, el poseedor del t\u00edtulo, renunci\u00f3 a defender su t\u00edtulo.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">En 2009, David Levy intervino para cambiar las reglas relativas al<br \/>\nn\u00famero de procesadores que se ejecutan en paralelo, se estableci\u00f3 en 8<br \/>\nn\u00facleos como m\u00e1ximo para los campeonatos mundiales de 2010.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Despu\u00e9s de una investigaci\u00f3n a fondo por la Asociaci\u00f3n Internacional<br \/>\nde Juegos de Computadora (ICGA) sobre Rybka, que fue clasificado como <abbr class=\"abbr\" title=\"Primero\">1<sup>st<\/sup><\/abbr> 2007 a 2010, el programa ha sido despojado de sus t\u00edtulos, por razones de programas de plagio Crafty y Fruit (informaci\u00f3n de<time class=\"nowrap\" data-sort-value=\"2011-06-29\" datetime=\"2011-06-29\">29 de junio de 2011<\/time>).<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">El ganador recibe el Trofeo Shannon en memoria del padre de la teor\u00eda de la informaci\u00f3n Claude Shannon<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgchvPW41jjzMSZv9neqNnxKBDCDoGBIFAeF1ZV5KdmaNGbY0wibdg3MyahNXearpGrlcY1BXhUR-NRkw3w2rDz2L17iEHBwYnpwjb2TUQ4tYMYFQH-4IEpOP4ZJad0thz3g8xunZpFTADsfDyrj2inkHQ6W-yMTjWyOjw2Ei8QvS4y78tU_e6VQUlu\/s405\/Caricatura.gif\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"240\" data-original-width=\"405\" height=\"381\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgchvPW41jjzMSZv9neqNnxKBDCDoGBIFAeF1ZV5KdmaNGbY0wibdg3MyahNXearpGrlcY1BXhUR-NRkw3w2rDz2L17iEHBwYnpwjb2TUQ4tYMYFQH-4IEpOP4ZJad0thz3g8xunZpFTADsfDyrj2inkHQ6W-yMTjWyOjw2Ei8QvS4y78tU_e6VQUlu\/w640-h381\/Caricatura.gif\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"margin-bottom: 6; margin-top: 0px;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: small;\">M20<br \/>\n              &#8211; IBM 7090<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><\/p>\n<p>              <\/span><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Stanford<br \/>\n              &#8211; Mosc\u00fa 1966 (3-1)<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjCffIy7Z0PQM6BDejaxp04gObp7dQwfpw77xXzRjKWO5-aoqvAXy17jW16nvjGVG5e7lenbVV5UMj582e0hBfN6iRzzFFbHXbeCYw3nV8ghLl-4lBaLpjpLPCYyGw7e-VXlJkk9yYuJwiVhzoMq2JBVX6GRlnbjTXchexETSY7vSBX_fNY_btvUJUi\/s321\/1-primer-campeonato-mundial-de-programas-ii.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"245\" data-original-width=\"321\" height=\"488\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEjCffIy7Z0PQM6BDejaxp04gObp7dQwfpw77xXzRjKWO5-aoqvAXy17jW16nvjGVG5e7lenbVV5UMj582e0hBfN6iRzzFFbHXbeCYw3nV8ghLl-4lBaLpjpLPCYyGw7e-VXlJkk9yYuJwiVhzoMq2JBVX6GRlnbjTXchexETSY7vSBX_fNY_btvUJUi\/w640-h488\/1-primer-campeonato-mundial-de-programas-ii.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Vladimir Arlazarov, Anatoly Uskov, y Mikhail Donskoy, padres de Kaissa.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a href=\"#\">Timeline del Ajedrez y las ordenadores<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<br \/>En 1967, un programa de los rusos Georgy Adelson-Velsky, Vladimir Arlazarov, Alexander Bitman y Anatoly Uskov en la computadora M-20 en el laboratorio de Alexander Kronrod en el Instituto de F\u00edsica Te\u00f3rica y Experimental derrot\u00f3 a su rival estadounidense Kotok-McCarthy en IBM 7090 en Stanford. Universidad . En 1971, Mikhail V. Donskoy uni\u00f3 fuerzas con Arlazarov y Uskov para programar a su sucesor en un Sistema ICL 4\/70 en el Instituto de Ciencias de Control . En 1972, Kaissa jug\u00f3 un partido por correspondencia contra los lectores del popular peri\u00f3dico ruso Komsomolskaya Pravda . Los lectores ganan 1,5-0,5 y son los periodistas del peri\u00f3dico quienes bautizan el programa Kaissa . Kaissa se convirti\u00f3 en la primera campeona mundial de ajedrez por computadora en 1974 en Estocolmo . Gan\u00f3 los cuatro juegos y termin\u00f3 primero por delante de Chess 4, Chaos y Ribbit, quienes terminaron 3\/4.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a href=\"#\">https:\/\/es.frwiki.wiki\/wiki\/Championnat_du_monde_d%27%C3%A9checs_des_ordinateurs <\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgemGOrH4PzZFB3pB8s21PPkXgeGbSBv4csgHiH-oBY13RXnWyNXgDd2oOM5uYUSZgowym89KKr-qekg-yAIDCrA3yzjAPbaIT6f2QXIKfcCm1BFFgA-VOwFlH0GJTy59FK3ggwajQRfXVfk5yRjElm8bzhYUm8uhXWJIqcI18-pdjvz-Q_EX4Vzn19\/s319\/TheNewChampion.JPG\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"319\" data-original-width=\"234\" height=\"640\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgemGOrH4PzZFB3pB8s21PPkXgeGbSBv4csgHiH-oBY13RXnWyNXgDd2oOM5uYUSZgowym89KKr-qekg-yAIDCrA3yzjAPbaIT6f2QXIKfcCm1BFFgA-VOwFlH0GJTy59FK3ggwajQRfXVfk5yRjElm8bzhYUm8uhXWJIqcI18-pdjvz-Q_EX4Vzn19\/w469-h640\/TheNewChampion.JPG\" width=\"469\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: xx-small; line-height: 16.6667px;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">The New Champion,&nbsp;Chess Life, February 1984&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">&nbsp; V<br \/>\n Campeonato Mundial de Computadoras de Ajedrez realizado en Colonia,<br \/>\nAlemania. Ganadores : \u00abCRAYBLITZ\u00bb, \u00abSun Phoenix\u00bb,\u00bbHITECH\u00bb y \u00abBEBE\u00bb.<br \/>\n La l\u00ednea Mephisto de computadoras de ajedrez dedicadas de la compa\u00f1\u00eda<br \/>\nalemana Hegener &amp; Glaser comienza una larga racha de victorias<br \/>\n(1984\u20131990) en el Campeonato Mundial de Microcomputadoras usando<br \/>\ncomputadoras dedicadas que ejecutan los programas ChessGenius y Rebel.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a href=\"#\">Timeline del Ajedrez y las ordenadores<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">De 1980 a 2001, se llevaron a cabo ciclos de campeonatos separados<br \/>\npara microcomputadoras. Hasta 1991, los ganadores eran computadoras<br \/>\ndedicadas, pero desde entonces los programas que se ejecutan en<br \/>\ncomputadoras personales han dominado la competencia.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">El programa Richard Lang ostenta el r\u00e9cord con siete t\u00edtulos (1984 a 1990) y 10 t\u00edtulos para programas comerciales (1984 a 1993).<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Este campeonato est\u00e1 organizado por la ICGA (International Computer Games Association) <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"separator\" style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"BLOG_video_class\" height=\"481\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/yCP--KPbxMQ\" width=\"579\" youtube-src-id=\"yCP--KPbxMQ\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a href=\"#\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/yCP&#8211;KPbxMQ<\/a><\/span><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Amsterdam1985<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">En 1985 en los laboratorios de la Universidad Carnegie Mellon nace&nbsp; \u00abChipTest,\u00bb la creaci\u00f3n de los estudiantes de doctorado Feng-hsiung Hsu, Murray Campbell y Thomas Anantharaman. Con los a\u00f1os, ChipTest evolucion\u00f3 primero en \u00abpensamiento profundo\u00bb, y luego en \u00abazul profundo\u00bb, el m\u00e1s poderoso equipo de ajedrez de juego jam\u00e1s construido.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 16.6667px;\"><b><br \/>&nbsp; <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 16.6667px;\"><b><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<table align=\"center\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" class=\"tr-caption-container\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgZtXESprmPn3NcOV5JiQV3SJ7pShZNG8PoDwOnS9qH954U4112bQre2sy5PV36UudgYD_k7AdXeATttBGQ4AmHtFCt4UOAnmnYfrPPeP9An_Hd8z5SqolkadQd1gQp1KaBlU5ux1P32i5XYv_LyiA9KU_lH4God6xE15jCrdb2hHCXU5bx16fqFx04\/s600\/Deep-thought-team-1988.102645336.hsu.jpg\" style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" border=\"0\" data-original-height=\"412\" data-original-width=\"600\" height=\"440\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/b\/R29vZ2xl\/AVvXsEgZtXESprmPn3NcOV5JiQV3SJ7pShZNG8PoDwOnS9qH954U4112bQre2sy5PV36UudgYD_k7AdXeATttBGQ4AmHtFCt4UOAnmnYfrPPeP9An_Hd8z5SqolkadQd1gQp1KaBlU5ux1P32i5XYv_LyiA9KU_lH4God6xE15jCrdb2hHCXU5bx16fqFx04\/w640-h440\/Deep-thought-team-1988.102645336.hsu.jpg\" width=\"640\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Murray Campbell,<br \/>\nFeng-hsiung Hsu, Thomas Anantharaman, Mike Browne y Andreas<br \/>\nNowatzyk,tras ganar el Premio Intermedio Fredkin por la actuaci\u00f3n a<br \/>\nnivel de Gran Maestro de Deep Thought. <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: 16.6667px;\"><b> <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a href=\"#\">https:\/\/www.chessprogramming.org\/Andreas_Nowatzyk<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial;\"><\/span><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; En el Colegio San Gabriel Quito, regentado por la Compa\u00f1\u00eda de Jes\u00fas, los Jesuitas nos ense\u00f1aron a utilizar la regla de c\u00e1lculo, con tanta profundidad que se daban ex\u00e1menes&hellip; <a class=\"leer-mas\" href=\"https:\/\/hosting173115eu-cp5015.wordpresstemporal.com\/lacolecciondepapatest\/ajedrez-e-inteligencia-artificial-iv\/\">Leer m\u00e1s<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1766,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historia"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting173115eu-cp5015.wordpresstemporal.com\/lacolecciondepapatest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting173115eu-cp5015.wordpresstemporal.com\/lacolecciondepapatest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting173115eu-cp5015.wordpresstemporal.com\/lacolecciondepapatest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hosting173115eu-cp5015.wordpresstemporal.com\/lacolecciondepapatest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hosting173115eu-cp5015.wordpresstemporal.com\/lacolecciondepapatest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1293"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hosting173115eu-cp5015.wordpresstemporal.com\/lacolecciondepapatest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1293\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hosting173115eu-cp5015.wordpresstemporal.com\/lacolecciondepapatest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hosting173115eu-cp5015.wordpresstemporal.com\/lacolecciondepapatest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hosting173115eu-cp5015.wordpresstemporal.com\/lacolecciondepapatest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hosting173115eu-cp5015.wordpresstemporal.com\/lacolecciondepapatest\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}